Home often worked in full light, however, and many mental mediums do also. Mediums needed darkness to initiate spirit manifestation- critics would claim to perpetrate fraud-using either moonlight or red incandescent light. Lighting, or lack of it, characterized most early Séances. Modern-day mediums, most of whom are mental, seldom use such props. The medium went inside the cabinet for manifestations or sat outside. This was a piece of furniture, like an armoire, but most often it was nothing more than a corner of the room hung with black curtains. Physical mediums once included a so-called CABINET, a kind of enclosure to attract spiritual energy. The furniture should be simple, preferably wood, and should not be ornamented with cushions or hangings. Places steeped in colourful history, such as castles, catacombs, country houses and old churches, make propitious Séance locales. The furnishings of the Séance room, and its location, set the tone for the sitting. Conversation masks noise, too, but also breaks the fear and tension created by spirit manifestations. William Stainton Moses found that music harmonizes and soothes the situation critics, however, believe music covers a multitude of fraudulent noises. Most sittings open with hymns and prayers-in many cases, the Lord’s Prayer- and include songs and prayers throughout the Séance. Mediums consider music and conversation to be vital to the success of the Séance. Unwritten codes of conduct forbid sitters to grab the medium in case such a sudden jarring could jeopardize the medium’s return to consciousness, causing illness or perhaps even death. Mediums must guard against extreme swings of emotion and never take stimulants. No more than two or three Séances should be conducted weekly, and each should last no more than two hours unless the spirits ask for an extension. Strangers should be admitted to the Séance circle carefully, introduced only after at least six sittings have been held with the same persons. Several mediums, most notably the Davenport Brothers, conducted Séances for audiences numbering over a thousand. Hands are placed flat on the table, fingers touching, or sometimes clasped. A circular arrangement of chairs around a table seems to work best, with no more than eight sitters. Sitters who are worried about the proceedings or are overly skeptical tend to depress results. Younger sitters often get better results. Participants should be nearly equally divided by gender. General observances are followed to help ensure success. Séances are most often held in the home of either the medium or one of the sitters, but they can take place anywhere two or more people gather for such purpose. Most modern Séances involve mental Mediumship and are more informal. Early spiritualist Séances were dramatic and theatrical, taking place in darkened parlours around circular tables and featuring physical mediumistic feats. Séances were popular during the rise of Spiritualism and continue to be conducted in modern times. Not much else on such spirit meetings appeared until the meteoric rise of the Fox Sisters in the mid-1800s. Dee and Some Spirits, the first recorded Séance. In 1659 Reverend Meric Casaubon wrote A True and Faithful Relation of What Passed Between Dr. References to Séance communications date back as far as the writings of Porphyry in the 3rd century C.E. Séances are conducted in many paranormal investigations of haunted places in order to produce evidence of Haunting, or to obtain information about Ghosts thought to be present. A Séance is a sitting organized for the purpose of receiving spirit communications or paranormal manifestations via a Medium.
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